Alloy



No Drawing.

UNITED. STATES PATENT ori ice. I

ALVAH- W. CLEMENT, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE CLEVELAND BRASS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

ALLOY.

T 0 all whom it may c'o ncem:

Be it known that I, ALVAH W. CLEMENT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a certam new and useful Improvement in Alloys, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description'.

The purpose and object of the invention about to be described is the production of an alloy which shall embody qualities that make the alloy highly desirable for use in the fabrication of articles that may be used in the handling of corrosive liquids such as acids,

and which shall at the same time possess physical properties which permit it to be easily worked, machined, and otherwise manipulated in the fabrication of articles by tools and methods which are at present employed in working metals.

The proposed alloy further possesses properties which make it valuable for use as an electrical resistance element, the alloy being high in its specific resistance, at the same time possessing the physical properties of ductility and malleability which permits of its being rolled into sheets or drawn into wire form.

Generally speaking, the invention comprises the elements set forth in the accompanying claims.

The alloy herein proposed, in its broadest aspect comprises an alloy of nickel and molybdenum. Both of these elements in their metallic state have acid resisting properties, and when they are combined in the form of an alloy the resisting properties are enhanced.

The proportions of nickel and molybdenum which may be used for the purpose, may be varied through a wide range, but because of the high price of metallic molybdenum, or the source from which molybdenum may be obtained for alloying .purposes, it is desirable to use in the. alloy as high a percentage of nickel as possible withofit sacrificing the desired qualities in the a oy.

An alloy consisting of substantially 90% of nickel and substantially 10' er cent. of molybdenum is the best alloy or the purpose desired. However, in view of the fact that molybdenum alloyed with iron is easier and cheaper to obtain than the pure molybdenum,- an alloy of 80% nickel, 10 per cent. molybdenum and 10 per cent. iron will pro- Specification of Letters l'atent. Patented Apr, 19, 1921, Application filed August 15, 1918. Serial No. 249,951.

very efiicient and useful alloy for the purpose desired.

In the making of the. alloy, it is desirable, however, to utilize certain other elements or properties which they impart to the alloy, and for this reason I have found it desirable to use silicon in the proportion of the alloy to such an extent as will appear in the final alloy, from 1, to 1} of 1 per cent.

I also find it advisable to use some mangane'se, this being small, however, not exceeding ofl per cent.

The silicon increases the fluidity of the alloy thereby increasing the ease with which it may be handled during the pouring. The manganese tends to increase the tensile strength. The manganese, however, must be kept low. in order not to counteract other desirable qualities in the alloy, to wit, malleability and ductility.

It is desirable to add to the alloy at the time the nickel is melting, a very small amount of magnesium, less than, 1 per cent.,

the amount of magnesium being so small that it does not appear in an analysis of the final alloy The small amount of magnesium thus added, imparts to the final alloy,

physical properties which enhance its work-.

. grain to the alloy.

In'using silicon and manganese, or any of the other elements mentioned, the amoiu t of nickel and molybdenum in the final alloy will be kept as high as possible, the other elements being added at the expense of the 11011.

The alloy which has been clescribed, possesses the physical properties of ductlli ty, high tensile strength, and is easily mach m able. The alloy is resistant to corrosive liquids such as certain acids, particularly cold dilute sulfuric, nitric and hydrochlorlc acids. It is also resistant to corrosion with respect to hot dilute sulfuric acid up, to approximately 200 Fahrenhelt.

In the alloy which has been dlscussed above, cobalt may be used in place of nickel, and in the ease of articles which may be made to use in connection with the handling of dilute hydrochloric acid, an alloy as above specified, in which cobalt is substituted for the nickel, is preferable.

\ duce very satisfactory results, and forms a Because of the machinability and other physical properties which have been mentioned, together with its resistance to corrosion by acids, such an alloy is highly advantageous for use in the manufacture of containers, pipes, cocks, pumps, and other articles which go to make up equipment for handling acids as before specified.

In fact, the alloy is of general use for the fabrication of any article where the property of resistanceto corrosion of the dilute acids beforementioned is to be overcome.

An alloy of nickel and molybdenum, or cobalt and molybdenum possesses certain properties which make it highly useful to be used as an electrical resistance material. The ductilit of the. alloy permits its readily being ro led into sheets or drawn into wire, which are physical properties necessar in making electrical resistance mater1a Furthermore the alloy has high specific resistance which makes it a good resistance element for heating purposes. An alloy of l bdenum with nickel or cobalt and non in t e properties which have heretofore been mentioned, may also be advantageously used as an electrical resistance element.

In the use of the alloy in this connection, the amount of manganese utilized would be slightly higher than that which has heretofore been specified.

In an alloy of nickel and molybdenum,'

manganese to the extent of 3 or 4 per cent. might be used." In fact, manganese could be used to as eat an extent as possible, up t the point w ere it would efi'ect the malleabihty and ductility of the final alloy.

In the event that an alloy of'nickel or molybdenum and iron is used, the amount of manganese which could be employed would be less, probably from la to 2 per bility, that 1s to say, the pro cent.

An alloy of nickel and molybdenum or nickel, molybdenum and iron with mangawould be prepared by the addition of small amounts of magnesium or aluminum to the metal when in melted condition, the additron of ma esium increasing the workaerties of easy rollmgand drawing, and bot elements be-. mg easlly oxidizable form a rotecting film of oxid, thus preventing further oxidization of the alloy.

In using the alloys for electrical resistance purposes,

the silicon employed might be slightly higher than that which was mentioned in the earlier part ofthe specification. The silicon not only increases the resistance, but also assists in preventing oxidization of the alloy when used as anelectric'al resistance element.

. lead, zinc, co

denum and a metal having use for making or limng vessels or pots in- Y which brass, bronze, metals are heated.

The alloy or forms of ferrous per or tin, .and thus these elements or com inations of them may be melted or handled while in heated melted. state in vessels composed of the alloys herein proposed without corrosion of the vessel.

Doubtless other uses may be found for the alloy herein described, which result from the peculiar and particular properties 1nherent in the alloy.

Inasmuch as nickel and cobalt in the alloy herein described have substantially the same properties, it is to be understood that nickel and cobalt are interchangeable in the alloy, and therefore in the claimswhere' there is mentioned a metal having the roperties of nickel and cobalt it is inten ed to include by that expression, either nickel or cobalt.

Having described my invention I claim: i

1. An alloy containing as its principal ingredients molybdenum and metalhaving the properties of nickel and cobalt and iron, the iron being present in quantlty not greater than; 10 per cent.

2. An alloy containing substant ally 10 per cent. of molybdenum, substantlally 10 per cent. of iron and substantially 8 0'per cent. of a metal having the propertles of nickel and cobalt,

3. An alloy containing principally molybthe propertles of nickel and cobalt, said metals combined being substantially 90%, the balance bemg principally iron.

4. An allo containing as principal 111- gredients mo ybdenum, a metal having the properties of nickel and cobalt and iron, the metal having the properties of nickel and cobalt being present in amount not less than 50% and the iron substantially 10%, the balance being principally bolybdenumis not attacked or affected by 5. An alloy containing principally molybdenum, a metal having the properties of nickel and cobalt and iron, the metal hav- I In testimony whereof, I hereunto afiix signature; I

ALVAI-I W. CLEMENT.

principally iron and 

